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夏春：美国增加关税带来全球贸易碎片化，最坏损失相当于日德GDP之和_我的网站

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A | While scientists and science fiction authors alike have long dreamed of sending crewed missions to Mars, a new study suggests these plans may hit a snag – a big one.,The authors of a yet to be peer-reviewed study argue that the participants of such a mission to Mars would end up being exposed to radiation – namely, to “energetic charged particles from Galactic and Solar origin” – both while in transit and while on the planet itself, with the “thin spacecraft shield” and “rarefied Martian atmosphere” offering little in the way of protection.,The research team attempted to gauge the impact of a simulated 1,000-day mission to Mars on various organs of the human body, and concluded that astronauts may be exposed to radiation doses above one Sievert, which is over the safe limit set by most space agencies, New Scientist points out.,“We suggest mitigation strategies such as improved ways of shielding and dietary supplements, and make recommendations for the safety of astronauts in future crewed missions to Mars,” the team wrote in the abstract of their work available on the arXiv preprint server.,Ideas about how astronauts may be protected from radiation during a mission to Mars have already been proposed, such as the concept of a radiation shield comprised of a fungus found growing at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.,Last year, one architecture studio even unveiled a project for a self-sufficient and sustainable city that would be built on the red planet itself.。

周二拜登宣布向180亿美元中国商品，包括电动汽车、半导体、太阳能和电池，加征关税。

经过测算，这些关税大约会使得美国的通胀同比增长一个基点，也就是0.01个百分点，对GDP的拖累也同样是一个基点，都可以忽略不计。

B | 因为4月通胀下行，市场预期9月降息，美股创出新高。

C | 影响不大的主要原因就是之前对中国电动汽车征收的25%的关税，使得原本中国对美国出口就很少。去年中国向美国出口了大约3.7亿美元的电动车，欧盟向美国出口了近 75 亿美元。中国仅占美国进口电动汽车的2%。德国、韩国和日本的占比分别为22%、21%和18%。

D | 采取加征关税减少竞争的方法来保护电动汽车，只会让美国汽车制造商进步缓慢。而且美国现在严重依赖中国生产的电池，加征关税只会使得整车成本更贵，美国想买电动车的老百姓就只能支付更高价格了。在海外市场，中国电动车都可以凭借价格和技术取胜。美国车将一步步被边缘化，美国新能源产业会越来越落后。2020年大选，拜登猛烈抨击特朗普向中国3000亿美元进口商品的征税，严重伤害了美国，因为95%以上的关税都是由美国企业和家庭承担的。但拜登上任后，继承了这些关税，目的就是遏制中国的发展。