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科学家发现宇宙黎明时期“黑洞星”_我的网站

A |     Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has told leaders from the G-7 states — the US, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany and Japan — that New Delhi would “continue” to take steps to ensure its “energy security”, amid sustained pressure by the Western allies to pressure the South Asian nation to scale down Russian energy imports.,“The Prime Minister did also mention that the energy security has become a very challenging issue in the wake of [the Ukraine crisis],” India’s foreign secretary Vinay Mohan Kwatra said at a special briefing in Munich late on Monday evening, after Modi concluded his participation in the G-7 Summit in the Bavarian resort of Schloss Elmau.,“But India would continue to do what it thinks is best in the interest of our own energy security when it comes to the question of global oil trade. I think our position, which Prime Minister articulated during the G7 Summit, was well understood,” the Indian foreign secretary remarked.,Five partner countries from the ‘Global South’, namely Argentina, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Senegal, were also invited to this year’s G-7 meeting amid concerns that the fallout of the Ukraine crisis had left many developing nations vulnerable.,“Prime Minister (Modi) also very strongly put forward, and I think we are fairly an important player in that aspect, of course, it’s the consequence which also we face which is the knockdown effect of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,” said Kwatra.,“Whether it is in terms of the crisis of food security, especially in the vulnerable countries, whether it is the challenge of fertilizer security, which all of us are facing, or also relating to the issues relating to energy security,” he added.,Russian Energy Supplies to India Have Increased 'Dozens of Times', Russian Ambassador SaysYesterday, 15:02 GMT,Crude oil prices have been at their highest level since the 2008 global financial crisis in the wake of the US and European Union (EU)-led push to phase out Russian crude supplies from the international market in retaliation for Moscow’s special military operation in Ukraine.,During his two interventions at the G-7 Leaders’ meeting on Monday, the Indian Prime Minister called upon the Western economies to understand the need for “energy security” for rich and poor countries alike.,“All of you will also agree with this that energy access should not be the privilege of the rich only- a poor family also has the same rights on energy. And today when energy costs are sky-high due to geopolitical tensions, it is more important to remember this thing,” the Indian Prime Minister stated, as per the transcript of his remarks released by the foreign ministry.,The remarks on “energy security” by the Indian Prime Minister come against the backdrop of US, EU and other Western allies urging New Delhi to draw down its reliance on Russian energy imports.,In the lead-up to the summit, the White House indicated that the question of Russian oil imports would figure in the discussions at the G-7 Summit.,Last week, National Security Council (NSC) Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirby said that President Biden would want India to “participate” in efforts to reduce Russian oil purchases.,A G-7 statement on ‘Support for Ukraine’ said that the Western allies would “continue to explore new ways to isolate Russia from participating in the global market and crack down on evasion”.,Blockage of Russian Bond Payments to Erode Dollar Dominance, French Economist SaysYesterday, 15:29 GMT,“We will further reduce Russia’s export revenues by taking appropriate steps to further reduce dependency on Russian energy,” it read.,European Council chief Charles Michel said last month that the 27-nation bloc would ban Russian crude imports by the end of this year. As of last year, the European Union (EU) sourced around 23 percent of its oil from Russia, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).,Crude imports have been exempted from six rounds of economic sanctions imposed by the US and its allies against Russia since the Ukraine crisis.。      据最新一期《自然》杂志报道，美国麻省理工学院、奥地利科学技术研究院等机构研究人员利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST），在宇宙诞生后约6.6亿年的宇宙黎明时期发现了迄今已知最早的“黑洞星”。这一由快速成长黑洞及致密气体构成的奇特天体，或有助于揭开神秘“小红点”的真实身份，并为解释早期宇宙超大质量黑洞的快速形成提供线索。  超大质量黑洞通常潜伏在大质量星系中心，质量可达太阳的数百万至数十亿倍。

B | 然而，科学家一直难以解释，为何在宇宙诞生后仅数亿年，就已经出现了一些质量巨大的黑洞。  此次发现的天体被命名为“MoM-BH*-1”。研究人员原本利用JWST寻找宇宙早期星系，却在观测数据中发现一个异常明亮、颜色偏红的光点。

C | 它的尺度只有太阳系大小，但能量输出却约为普通恒星产生的能量上限的1000亿倍，远超普通恒星核聚变所能达到的水平。  与此同时，MoM-BH*-1的光谱还呈现出一种异常强烈的“巴耳末跳跃”，这种光谱特征通常与恒星大气中的致密气体有关。同时，其光谱中几乎没有金属元素的明显痕迹，主要表现为氢和氦的特征。  研究人员模拟发现，极其致密的氢气可形成类似“巨大恒星表面”的气体包层，吸收特定波长的光，从而解释其特殊光谱。  但这仍无法解释它惊人的亮度。进一步分析显示，最符合观测结果的情景是：MoM-BH*-1中心有一个约为太阳质量10万倍的黑洞，周围包裹着近似太阳系大小的致密氢气。黑洞吸积物质释放的能量为整个系统提供动力，外围气体则让它看起来像一颗巨大的恒星——研究人员因此将其称为“黑洞星”。  “黑洞星”的发现还有助于解释JWST近年来频繁发现的神秘“小红点”。这些紧凑、明亮且偏红的天体在早期宇宙中似乎随处可见，却在今天的宇宙中消失殆尽。研究人员发现，如果将类似MoM-BH*-1的天体置于早期星系中，其整体光谱可能与“小红点”高度相似。

D | （记者张佳欣）。

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